Commercial Driver’s License Requirements in the United States
Learn the federal CDL framework. Then confirm your state’s application rules.
A Federal Framework With State-Level Licensing
Every CDL is issued by a state licensing agency. However, federal standards shape the process nationwide.
The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration sets core safety rules. States process applications, testing, fees, and renewals.
Exact documents and procedures can vary. Always verify current rules with your home state.
Basic CDL Eligibility Requirements
- Age 18 or older. Most states allow intrastate commercial driving.
- Age 21 or older. Required for interstate driving and placardable hazmat.
- Valid home-state license. You may hold only one driver’s license.
- Eligible driving status. Suspensions and disqualifications can block issuance.
- Identity and domicile documents. Provide documents required by your state.
- Legal-status evidence. Standard CDLs generally require citizenship or lawful permanent residence.
DOT Physical and Medical Self-Certification
Many commercial drivers need a DOT physical. The examiner must appear on the National Registry of Certified Medical Examiners.
The examiner reviews vision, hearing, blood pressure, medications, and medical history. Qualified drivers receive a Medical Examiner’s Certificate.
Choose the Correct Self-Certification Category
CDL applicants declare how they expect to operate:
Interstate driving that requires federal medical qualification.
Specific interstate work exempt from federal medical certification.
In-state driving subject to state medical rules.
Specific in-state work exempt under state rules.
Incorrect self-certification can affect commercial driving privileges. Review your operation carefully.
Medical Conditions and Variances
Uncontrolled epilepsy, severe vision loss, or other conditions may prevent certification. Individual medical facts matter.
Some interstate drivers may qualify through an FMCSA exemption or variance. A CDL may display a V restriction when a medical variance applies.
Who Must Complete ELDT?
FMCSA’s Entry-Level Driver Training rule sets minimum training standards.
ELDT generally applies when you:
- Obtain a Class A CDL for the first time.
- Obtain a Class B CDL for the first time.
- Upgrade an existing Class B CDL to Class A.
- Add a Passenger endorsement for the first time.
- Add a School Bus endorsement for the first time.
- Add a Hazardous Materials endorsement for the first time.
Training must come from a provider listed on FMCSA’s Training Provider Registry.
Complete required training before taking the applicable skills test. Hazmat applicants must finish ELDT before the H knowledge test.
The CDL Testing Process
Commercial License Classes
Combination Vehicles
A combination with a GCWR of 26,001 pounds or more.
The towed unit has a GVWR over 10,000 pounds.
Heavy Single Vehicles
A single vehicle with a GVWR of 26,001 pounds or more.
It may tow a unit rated at 10,000 pounds or less.
Passenger or Hazmat Vehicles
A vehicle outside Class A or B.
It carries 16 or more people, including the driver, or placardable hazmat.
The Three Skills-Test Parts
- Vehicle InspectionExplain and demonstrate required safety checks.
- Basic Control SkillsComplete required backing and control maneuvers.
- Road TestDemonstrate safe operation in traffic.
Confirm Your State’s Current Rules
This page provides general educational information. It is not legal advice.
State requirements, fees, and procedures may change. Contact your licensing agency before applying.
Plan Your CDL Training